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Auda ibu Tayi
Auda ibu Tayi (''Awda abu Tayeh'' (アラビア語:عودة أبو تايه) c. 1874 – 1924)
was the leader (shaikh) of a section of the Howeitat or Huwaytat tribe of Bedouin Arabs at the time of the Great Arab Revolt during the First World War. The Howeitat lived in what is now Saudi Arabia/Jordan.
Auda was a significant figure in the Arab Revolt; outside Arabia he is mainly known through his portrayal in British Col. T. E. Lawrence's account ''Seven Pillars of Wisdom'', and from the partly fictionalised depiction of him in David Lean's film ''Lawrence of Arabia''.
==The Howeitat==
Lawrence recorded that the Howeitat had formerly been under the leadership of the House of Rashid, the amirs of Ha'il, but had since fragmented and that Auda had come to control the eastern section, the abu Tayi.〔Lawrence, T. E. ''(The Howeitat and their Chiefs )'', ''Arab Bulletin'' report of 24 July 1917, from telawrence.net〕 Auda had taken up the claims of his father, Harb abu Tayi (? - 1904), who had contested the tribe's chieftainship with Arar ibn Jazi.〔Peake, F. ''A History of Jordan and its Tribes'', University of Miami Press, 1958, p.212〕 Auda and his ibn Jazi rival, Arar's half-brother Abtan, diverted the energies of the Howeitat - previously settled farmers and camel herders - into raiding, greatly increasing the tribe's wealth but introducing a mainly nomadic lifestyle.〔Alon, Y. and Eilon, J. ''The Making of Jordan: Tribes, Colonialism and the Modern State'', Tauris, 2007, ISBN 1-84511-138-9, p.34. Lawrence (in his report above) stated that the Howeitat were "altogether Bedu", but they had in fact only recently abandoned farming for nomadism.〕 Tensions between them and the Ottoman administration had increased after an incident in 1908, when two soldiers were killed who had been sent to demand payment of a tax that Auda claimed to have already paid.〔Fischbach, M. ''State, Society, and Land in Jordan'', BRILL, 2000, ISBN 90-04-11912-4, p.48. Auda claimed that the troops were shot when they opened fire on him.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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